diff --git a/include/engine.hpp b/include/engine.hpp
index 32746ff..8a55027 100644
--- a/include/engine.hpp
+++ b/include/engine.hpp
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <deque>
 #include <array>
+#include <ncurses.h>
 
 constexpr int ROW = 15;
 constexpr int COL = 21;
@@ -21,13 +22,13 @@ struct vec2 {
 struct Window {
 	std::array<std::array<char, COL>, ROW> view;
 	void draw_display();
-	void update_display(vec2 &head, vec2 &fruit, std::deque<vec2> &buf);
+	void update_display(const vec2 fruit, std::deque<vec2> &buf);
 };
 
 class Engine {
 public:
 	Engine();
-	~Engine();
+	~Engine() { endwin(); }
 	void run();
 
 private:
diff --git a/src/engine.cpp b/src/engine.cpp
index 97f7212..00687a5 100644
--- a/src/engine.cpp
+++ b/src/engine.cpp
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 #include <cstdlib>
 #include <ctime>
 #include <format>
-#include <ncurses.h>
 #include <ranges>
 #include <thread>
 #include <chrono>
@@ -14,13 +13,10 @@ void Window::draw_display() {
 			mvaddch(i, j * 2, view[i][j]);
 		}
 	}
-	refresh();
 }
 
-void Window::update_display(vec2 &head, vec2 &fruit, std::deque<vec2> &buf) {
-	view[head.y][head.x] = '*';
+void Window::update_display(const vec2 fruit, std::deque<vec2> &buf) {
 	view[fruit.y][fruit.x] = 'o';
-
 	for(const auto& segment : buf) {
 		if(segment.x < COL && segment.y < ROW) {
 			view[segment.y][segment.x] = '~';
@@ -38,16 +34,15 @@ Engine::Engine() {
 	for(auto& row : win.view) row.fill('.');
 }
 
-Engine::~Engine() { endwin(); }
-
 void Engine::run() {
 	while (exit_summary() && process_input()) {
 		add_tail_and_respawn_fruit();
 		determine_index_zero_pos();
 		move_tail_indicies();
 
-		win.update_display(head, fruit, tail);
+		win.update_display(fruit, tail);
 		win.draw_display();
+		refresh();
 		std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds((int) (200)));
 	}
 	nodelay(stdscr, false);
@@ -86,6 +81,7 @@ void Engine::determine_index_zero_pos() {
 	else if(dir == Direction::UP) 	 { head.y = (head.y + ROW - 1) % ROW; }
 	else if(dir == Direction::DOWN)  { head.y = (head.y + 1) % ROW; }
 	win.view[prev_head.y][prev_head.x] = '.';
+	win.view[head.y][head.x] = '*';
 }
 
 void Engine::move_tail_indicies() {